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"General Morgan, born in Washington County, Pa., September 20th, 1820, died at Old Point Comfort, Va., July 26th, 1893. At the beginning of the War with Mexico he was made colonel of the Second Ohio Volunteers, and he was subsequently appointed colonel of the Fifteenth United States Infantry, which he led with ability under General Scott, receiving for his gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he was severely wounded, the thanks of the Ohio Legislature and the brevet of brigadier general. On November 21st, 1861, he was made brigadier general of volunteers. In March, 1862, he assumed the command of the Seventh Division of the Army of the Ohio, with which he was ordered to occupy Cumberland Gap, in Southern Kentucky, then held by the Confederates. He forced the enemy to retire on June 18th, 1862. He also served in the Valley of the Kanawha and at Vicksburgh, and was afterward assigned to the Thirteenth Army Corps, and commanded at the capture of Fort Hindman, Ark. Owing to failing health he resigned in June, 1863."— Frank Leslie, 1896

General George W. Morgan

"General Morgan, born in Washington County, Pa., September 20th, 1820, died at Old Point Comfort, Va.,…

"The campaign in Kentucky, Federal troops under General Johnston, advancing on the Louisville and Nashville Turnpike, overtaken by the equipage and baggage train on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Campaign in Kentucky

"The campaign in Kentucky, Federal troops under General Johnston, advancing on the Louisville and Nashville…

"Federal Volunteers crossing from Cincinnati to Covington on a bridge of coal boats, constructed for the occasion, on their way to defend Kentucky from the Confederates under General Kirby Smith, September 5th, 1862. The Confederate army under command of General Kirby Smith was variously estimated from 15,000 to 30,000 men. They were poorly clad, but well armed, and considering their organization were tolerably well disciplined. Their officers were bitter desperadoes, and they united in their expressed determination to pillage Cincinnati, against which city they pretended to have some terrible grudge to settle. General Kirby Smith, the Confederate commander, was much trusted by his troops, and was a cool and daring leader. Our sketch represents the Federal volunteers crossing from Cincinnati to Covington to defend Kentucky."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Federals Crossing

"Federal Volunteers crossing from Cincinnati to Covington on a bridge of coal boats, constructed for…

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

Walruses

Two Walrus laying on an iceberg.

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with a very slight tinge of yellow; when just out of the water and wet, the ground-color is ash; after death, and as seen in museums, the ground color is pale yellowish-gray." — S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Common Seal

"The ground-color of the hair or skin, when this animal is alive and dry, is pale whitish-gray, with…

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the upper jaw, on the superior of the surface, a cartilaginous crest, which rises, increasing rapidly in height as it passes backwards, about seven inches high at its posterior or vertical edge, which is separated into two planes by an intervening depression an inch deep." — S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Hooded Seal

"Also called the Crested Seal, remarkable for possessing, about two inches from te extremity of the…

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur brown. acquiring a grayish tint at the point of the hairs in old age; external ears one inch eight lines long, conical, erect, covered with short hair, and open by an oblong slit, which is shut in the water; nail very slender and minute." — S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Sea Bear

"It is the size of a large bear; girth at the sholder, five feet, near the tail, twenty inches; fur…

"The raid in Kentucky- the Confederate Morgan with his guerillas bivouacking in Courthouse Square, Paris, Bourbon County, after levying contributions on the inhabitants. The Confederate Morgan reached Paris and Cynthiana, both of which places he occupied, levying large contributions on its unfortunate inhabitants. Our artist reported that it was a most animated and interesting sight to see the blank dismay of the 'Parisians' when Morgan and his men dismounted and bivouacked in their fine square. Beyond some robberies there were no outrages committed. The Courthouse is a very imposing building, and, standing on the highest spot in the town, is visible for miles around."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Kentucky Raid

"The raid in Kentucky- the Confederate Morgan with his guerillas bivouacking in Courthouse Square, Paris,…

"The Federal Army, under General Pope, landing on the Kentucky Shore, opposite New Madrid, April 1st, 1862. New Madrid was the scene of one of the most remarkable exploits in military annals- the capture of six thousand men and an immense store of arms and munitions of war on an adjacent island, which had been elaborately fortified. New Madrid is situated on the Missouri side of the Mississippi, and possessed a large business in cattle, corn and lumber for the Southern market at the commencement of the war. It is about forty miles below Columbus, and sixty miles from Cairo, and about eight miles from the far-famous Island No. 10. These distances are calculated by the winding of the river. It was first settled in 1780, and gradually grew larger till 1812, when the great earthquake nearly destroyed it."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Kentucky Shore

"The Federal Army, under General Pope, landing on the Kentucky Shore, opposite New Madrid, April 1st,…

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance during the war as to be constantly the object of operations on both sides, who indeed alternately held it. Like Harper's Ferry, it was deemed a strategic point of great value; but the fact that no action took place, and that its evacuation was compelled by distinct movements, tend to modify this idea. It is a natural gap in a mountain, 80 miles long, or rather the only natural gap, although other points bear that name. Cumberland Gap is 150 miles southeast of Lexington, Ky. The mountain is here 1,200 feet high, but the notch is a cut nearly two-thirds of this, the road through the gap being only 400 feet high. On the southern or Tennessee side this mountain is abrupt, and in some places perpendicular, and the summit almost inaccessible, except through the gap. The northern or Kentucky side is more irregular, breaking off in a sucession of smaller mountains and hills to the Valley of the Cumberland. Our sketch shows the Kentucky side."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cumberland Gap

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance…

"General Tyler, born in Brooklyn, Windham County, Conn., January 7th, 1797, died in New York city, November 30th, 1882, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1819. He served as a lieutenant of artillery, was adjutant of the School of Practice at Fortress Monroe, 1824-'26; and while commanding the arsenal at Pikesville, Md., 1826-'27, translated 'Manoeuvres of Artillery' from the French. In 1828 he was sent abroad to observe the French improvements in artillery. This he did at Metz and elsewhere. In 1832 he was superintendent of the inspectors of arms furnished by contractors. Resigning in 1834, he became president of an iron and coal company. He was colonel of the First Connecticut Regiment in April, 1861; brigadier general of volunteers in March, 1862, and served in the Army of the Mississippi at the siege of Corinth in June. Served as one of the commission to investigate Buell's Kentucky campaign, and afterward in command at Harper's Ferry, in Baltimore and in Delaware. He withdrew from the army in April, 1864."— Frank Leslie, 1896

General Daniel Tyler

"General Tyler, born in Brooklyn, Windham County, Conn., January 7th, 1797, died in New York city, November…

"General Morgan, born in Huntsville, Ala., June 1st, 1826, died near Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th, 1864. He served in the War with Mexico as first lieutenant in a cavalry regiment. At the opening of the Civil War he entered the Confederate Army as captain of the Kentucky Volunteers, and joined General Simon B. Buckner at the head of the Lexington Rifles. During the winter of 1862-'3 he commanded a cavalry force in General Braxton Bragg's army, and greatly annoyed General Rosecrans's outposts and communications. He soon began a series of raids in Kentucky, which made it necessary to garrison every important town in the State. In 1862 he was appointed major general. In 1863 he headed a bold and extensive raid into Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, but was captured and imprisoned in the Ohio Penitentiary. He escaped by digging his way out in November, 1863, and then undertook a raid in Tennessee. While at a farmhouse near Greeneville, Tenn., he was surrounded by Federal troops under General Gillem, and in attempting to escape was killed."— Frank Leslie, 1896

General John H. Morgan

"General Morgan, born in Huntsville, Ala., June 1st, 1826, died near Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th,…

"Sherman's Campaign in Georgia- the attack of the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Twentieth Army Corps on Kenesaw Mountain, June 22nd, 1864. Kenesaw Mountain, a second Lookout among its fellows, is about four miles in length and some four hundred feet high, difficult of ascent, with spurs on the flanks, and presenting a most dignified appearance. Sherman resolved to flank it, and on June 22nd the corps of the right and left of his army advanced, the centre maintaining its position around and upon the base of the mountain in the teeth of a very heavy artillery fire from the Confederate batteries. The Twentieth and Twenty-third wheeled on the left to hem in the Confederates between the Federal line and the railroad. The Fourteenth Kentucky met the enemy first, who charged furiously to check the movement. Schofield and Hooker were, however, ready. Williams's division drove back the enemy with artillery alone, without the employment of a musket. Batteries I and M of the First New York had second position, which gave them a cross fire upon the Confederates as they advanced over an open field, and it proved entirely too hot for them. Again, about six o'clock, they made the same attempt, and were driven back still more rapidly by a combined fire of artillery and musketry, which must, from the openness of the ground, have proved very destructive. The Federal losses were slight. They did not exceed two hundred killed and wounded during the day, and one-quarter of this loss was suffered by the Fourteenth Kentucky."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Sherman's Campaign

"Sherman's Campaign in Georgia- the attack of the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Twentieth Army Corps on…

Kentucky blue-grass, grown from a single seed. Strongly stoloniferous.

Kentucky bue-grass

Kentucky blue-grass, grown from a single seed. Strongly stoloniferous.

A closer view of a stalk of Kentucky blue-grass.

Kentucky blue-grass

A closer view of a stalk of Kentucky blue-grass.

Canada blue-grass, also known as wire-grass. Suitable for soils too poor to support Kentucky blue-grass.

Canada blue-grass

Canada blue-grass, also known as wire-grass. Suitable for soils too poor to support Kentucky blue-grass.

Seal, with a shovel and hoe on it.

True-temper seal

Seal, with a shovel and hoe on it.

"Major Robert Anderson, the commander of Fort Sumter at the time of its fall, was born in Kentucky in the year 1805, and graduated at West Point in 1825. He was actively engaged through the Mexican War, and was severely wounded at Molino del Rey. In recognition of his services of his services at Fort Sumter he was appointed brigadier general by President Lincoln. He was relieved from duty in October, 1861, on account of failing health. He died in France in 1871."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Major Robert Anderson

"Major Robert Anderson, the commander of Fort Sumter at the time of its fall, was born in Kentucky in…

The old Colony Seal.

Colony Seal

The old Colony Seal.

"Weighing six to twelve pounds; it feeds on mollusca, crustacea, and young fish; inhabits sandy banks and muddy grounds in the seal is sometime staken with hooks and sometimes with spears, though more generally with trawl-nets." — Goodrich, 1859

Plaice

"Weighing six to twelve pounds; it feeds on mollusca, crustacea, and young fish; inhabits sandy banks…

"Penn's Seal and Signature. This is a representation of the seal and signature of William Penn attached to the Pennsylvania charter. The names of the subscribing witnesses to the instrument are James Claypoole, Francis Plumsted, Thomas Barker, Philip Ford, Edward Pritchard, Andrew Soule, Christopher Taylor, Charles Lloyd, William Gibson, U. More, George Rudyard, Harbt. Springett."—Lossing, 1851

Penn's seal and signature

"Penn's Seal and Signature. This is a representation of the seal and signature of William Penn attached…

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday, April 6th, 1862- Forty-Fourth Indiana Volunteers engaged. The right wing of General Hurlbut's division stopped the advance of the Confederates by a determined defense along a side road leading through the woods on the right of the field. The Twenty-fifth and Seventeenth Kentucky and Forty-fourth and Thirty-first Indiana Regiments were engaged. By some means the dry leaves and thick underbrush which covered this locality took fire, filling the woods with volumes of smoke, and only discovering the position of the opposing forces to each other by the unceasing rattle of musketry and the whizzing of the bullets." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Shiloh

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday,…

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday, April 6th, 1862- Forty-Fourth Indiana Volunteers engaged. The right wing of General Hurlbut's division stopped the advance of the Confederates by a determined defense along a side road leading through the woods on the right of the field. The Twenty-fifth and Seventeenth Kentucky and Forty-fourth and Thirty-first Indiana Regiments were engaged. By some means the dry leaves and thick underbrush which covered this locality took fire, filling the woods with volumes of smoke, and only discovering the position of the opposing forces to each other by the unceasing rattle of musketry and the whizzing of the bullets." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Shiloh

"Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, left wing- the woods on fire during the engagement of Sunday,…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Munfordville

"Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis…

"Picture of a hand with a gun at the Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the Confederates charging through the abatis in front of the fortifications near Green River. Our correspondent reports of this battle: 'At five o'clock the Confederates were seen forming in front of our rifle pits, and soon, from the cover of the woods and abatis, began the engagement by a rapid fire of musketry. It was plainly seen that a disposition of our men was being made by Colonel Wilder to repel the attack anticipated on the left, and, thinking it a favorable hour, the Confederate force made a desperate assault on our right. This was made by a Mississippi and a Georgia regiment. The assault was led by the colonel of the Mississippi regiment, and he died for his daring. The major of the same regiment was wounded and taken prisoner. The newly formed Confederate right marched from the woods in splendid order, with ranks apparently full. When they appeared over the brow of the hill it was at a double-quick; all pushed on with desperate courage, to meet resistance not the less desperate. With grape from the artillery and a shower of balls from the musketry they were met and moved down; but they never faltered; and it was only when they sprang on the breastworks and were met with the bayonet that they fell back, leaving the field strewn with their dead and dying. After a momentary struggle on the breastworks the whole Confederate force broke into disorder and fled from the field.'" —Leslie, 1896

Hand with Gun

"Picture of a hand with a gun at the Battle of Munfordville, Ky., Sunday, September 14th, 1862- the…

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000 strong, under General Zollicoffer, and the Federal troops, 4,000 strong, commanded by General Thomas, fought Sunday, January 19th, 1862- flight of the Confederate Army. One of the most dashing, desperate and decisive battles of the war took place on Sunday, January 19th, 1862, when a Confederate army of 8,000 men, led by Generals Zollicoffer and Crittenden, were totally routed by General Thomas, at the head of about 4,000 Federal troops. The cannonading began at four o'clock in the morning, and the engagement soon became general. Zollicoffer found, however, that instead of surprising General Thomas, that able and vigilant officer was ready for him. The Confederates fought gallantly throughout that dismal Sabbath day, and owing to their decided superiority in numbers the result was doubtful till near the conclusion of the conflict. The death of Colonel Peyton, who fell gallantly at the head of his regiment, had materially damped the spirits of the Confederates, but the fall of their commander, Zollicoffer, about ten minutes past three in the afternoon, completed their rout. At that hour, as the Fourth Kentucky regiment was deploying on the flank of the Confederate army, Zollicoffer, attended by several of his aids, mistook his way in the underwood, and suddenly emerged before Colonel Fry, who was also with several officers. At first they mistook each other for friends, but upon the mistake being discovered one of the Confederate officers fired at Fry and shot his horse. Almost at the same instant Colonel Fry drew his revolver and shot General Zollicoffer through the heart. His aids, seeing their commander slain, deserted the body, which was taken charge of by the Federal troops, and carried to Somerset. The news spread like wildfire through the Confederate army, which fled with precipitation, and at half-past three not a confederate stood his ground." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Mill Spring

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000…

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000 strong, under General Zollicoffer, and the Federal troops, 4,000 strong, commanded by General Thomas, fought Sunday, January 19th, 1862- flight of the Confederate Army. One of the most dashing, desperate and decisive battles of the war took place on Sunday, January 19th, 1862, when a Confederate army of 8,000 men, led by Generals Zollicoffer and Crittenden, were totally routed by General Thomas, at the head of about 4,000 Federal troops. The cannonading began at four o'clock in the morning, and the engagement soon became general. Zollicoffer found, however, that instead of surprising General Thomas, that able and vigilant officer was ready for him. The Confederates fought gallantly throughout that dismal Sabbath day, and owing to their decided superiority in numbers the result was doubtful till near the conclusion of the conflict. The death of Colonel Peyton, who fell gallantly at the head of his regiment, had materially damped the spirits of the Confederates, but the fall of their commander, Zollicoffer, about ten minutes past three in the afternoon, completed their rout. At that hour, as the Fourth Kentucky regiment was deploying on the flank of the Confederate army, Zollicoffer, attended by several of his aids, mistook his way in the underwood, and suddenly emerged before Colonel Fry, who was also with several officers. At first they mistook each other for friends, but upon the mistake being discovered one of the Confederate officers fired at Fry and shot his horse. Almost at the same instant Colonel Fry drew his revolver and shot General Zollicoffer through the heart. His aids, seeing their commander slain, deserted the body, which was taken charge of by the Federal troops, and carried to Somerset. The news spread like wildfire through the Confederate army, which fled with precipitation, and at half-past three not a confederate stood his ground." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Mill Spring

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000…

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000 strong, under General Zollicoffer, and the Federal troops, 4,000 strong, commanded by General Thomas, fought Sunday, January 19th, 1862- flight of the Confederate Army. One of the most dashing, desperate and decisive battles of the war took place on Sunday, January 19th, 1862, when a Confederate army of 8,000 men, led by Generals Zollicoffer and Crittenden, were totally routed by General Thomas, at the head of about 4,000 Federal troops. The cannonading began at four o'clock in the morning, and the engagement soon became general. Zollicoffer found, however, that instead of surprising General Thomas, that able and vigilant officer was ready for him. The Confederates fought gallantly throughout that dismal Sabbath day, and owing to their decided superiority in numbers the result was doubtful till near the conclusion of the conflict. The death of Colonel Peyton, who fell gallantly at the head of his regiment, had materially damped the spirits of the Confederates, but the fall of their commander, Zollicoffer, about ten minutes past three in the afternoon, completed their rout. At that hour, as the Fourth Kentucky regiment was deploying on the flank of the Confederate army, Zollicoffer, attended by several of his aids, mistook his way in the underwood, and suddenly emerged before Colonel Fry, who was also with several officers. At first they mistook each other for friends, but upon the mistake being discovered one of the Confederate officers fired at Fry and shot his horse. Almost at the same instant Colonel Fry drew his revolver and shot General Zollicoffer through the heart. His aids, seeing their commander slain, deserted the body, which was taken charge of by the Federal troops, and carried to Somerset. The news spread like wildfire through the Confederate army, which fled with precipitation, and at half-past three not a confederate stood his ground." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Mill Spring

"Battle of Mill Spring, on the Cumberland River, near Jamestown, between a confederate force, 8,000…

"Boone's Fort. This sketch is from a drawing by Colonel Henderson, and published in Collin's <em>Historical Collections of Kentucky</em>, page 417. It was composed of a number of long-houses disposed in the form of an oblong square. Those at each corner, intended particularly for block-houses, were larger and stronger than the others. The length of the fort was about two hundred and fifty feet, and the width about one hundred and fifty feet."—Lossing, 1851

Boone's Fort

"Boone's Fort. This sketch is from a drawing by Colonel Henderson, and published in Collin's Historical…

"Great Seal of Virginia."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Virginia Seal

"Great Seal of Virginia."—Lossing, 1851

"Seal and signature of Tryon. William Tryon was a native of Ireland, and was educated to the profession of a soldier. He was an officer in the British service. He married Miss Wake, a relative of the Earl of Hillsborough, secretary for the colonies. Thus connected, he was a favorite of government, and was appointed lieutenant governor of North Carolina, in 1765. On the death of Governor Dobbs, he succeeded him in office, and exercised its functions until called to fill the same office in New York, in 1771. The history of his administration in North Carolina is a record of extortion, folly, and crime. During his administration in New York, the Revolution broke out, and he was the last royal governor of that state, though nominally succeeded in office in 1780 by General Robertson, when he was returned to England. His property in North Carolina and in New York was confiscated."—Lossing, 1851

William Tryon Seal

"Seal and signature of Tryon. William Tryon was a native of Ireland, and was educated to the profession…

"Great Seal of the State of North Carolina."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

North Carolina Seal

"Great Seal of the State of North Carolina."—Lossing, 1851

"Pulaski's seal."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Pulaski's Seal

"Pulaski's seal."—Lossing, 1851

"William the Conqueror (1066-1087), as represented on his seal. Although William really ruled 'as king by the edge of the sword,' he preferred to base his title on the promise of Edward the Confessor rather than on force of arms; and he adhered to far as possible to Anglo-Saxon usages, causing himself to be crowned at Westminster and binding himself to frame good laws and observe justice, as his predecessors had done. In fact he professed to regard himself as the lawful successor of the Anglo-Saxon kings, and not merely as a feudal conqueror. He had great difficulty in making the people recognize him as such, but when this was once done, he was a far more powerful ruler as king of England than he was as Norman duke."&mdash;Colby, 1899

William the Conqueror

"William the Conqueror (1066-1087), as represented on his seal. Although William really ruled 'as king…

Lincoln's birthplace in Hardin County, Kentucky.

Lincoln's birthplace

Lincoln's birthplace in Hardin County, Kentucky.

"The blind-fish of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky."-Whitney, 1902

Blindfish

"The blind-fish of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky."-Whitney, 1902

Seal of Massachusetts Bay Company

Massachusetts Seal

Seal of Massachusetts Bay Company

"The Eagle is a gold coin of the United States, value $10; half-eagle, $5; quarter-eagle, $2.50, double eagle, the largest gold coin of this country, $20."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Eagle on Seal of United States

"The Eagle is a gold coin of the United States, value $10; half-eagle, $5; quarter-eagle, $2.50, double…

"The Seal, of the family Phocid&aelig;, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals, those which display the most complete adaptation to residence in the water. The seal has considerable resemblance to a quadruped in some respects, and to a fish in others. The head is round, and the nose, which is broad, resembles that of a dog, with the same look of intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. It has large whiskers, oblong nostrils, and great black sparkling eyes. It has no external ears, but a valve exists in the orifices, which can be closed at will, so as to keep out the water; the nostrils have a similar valve; and the clothing of the body consists of stiff glossy hairs, very closely set against the skin. The body is elongated and conical, gradually tapering from the shoulders to the tail. The spine is provided with strong muscles, which bend it with considerable force; and this movement is of great assistance to the propulsion of the body."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hooded Seal

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals,…

Seal of New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam

Seal of New Amsterdam

Seal of New Netherland

New Netherland

Seal of New Netherland

Seal of East Jersey

East Jersey

Seal of East Jersey

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

Carolina

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

"A Cylinder Seal" &mdash; Morey, 1903

Cylinder Seal

"A Cylinder Seal" — Morey, 1903

The sixteenth president of the United States, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, Feb. 12, 1809; died April 15, 1865. He was a great opposer of slavery.

Abraham Lincoln

The sixteenth president of the United States, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, Feb. 12, 1809; died April…

The head of a Kentucky Warbler.

Kentucky Warbler

The head of a Kentucky Warbler.

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish and Caucasian fabrics and to it scores of patterns may be traced.

Solomon's Seal

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish…

A journalist born in Preston, Conn., Dec. 18, 1802; died in Louisville, Kentucky, Jan. 22, 1870. He graduated at Brown University in 1823, studied law, and in 1829 was admitted to the bar.

George Prentice

A journalist born in Preston, Conn., Dec. 18, 1802; died in Louisville, Kentucky, Jan. 22, 1870. He…

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being able to live both in and out of water.

Seal

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being…

The war governor of Illinois, born in Warsaw, Kentucky, Jan. 18, 1818; died in St. Louis, Missouri, Nov. 27, 1873.

Richard Yates

The war governor of Illinois, born in Warsaw, Kentucky, Jan. 18, 1818; died in St. Louis, Missouri,…

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping cut in the rootstock with a 'tongue' pointing up. Next you must make a matching cut in the scion wood with a 'tongue' pointing downwards. Finally you join the two, ensuring maximum contact of the cambium layers. Bind with rafia or polythene tape and seal with grafting wax.

Tongue Grafting

To graft two plants together using the tongue or whip grafting approach, you must first make a sloping…

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama in 1889.

Alabama

The official seal of the U.S. state of Alabama in 1889.